Author Archives: Michael Froomkin

Guardian America Launches

Say hello to Guardian America, a web launch intended to be

the US-based website of the Guardian newspaper of London and Manchester, which will combine content produced in the UK and around the world with content that we originate here to create a Guardian especially tailored to American readers. I am sometimes asked what, or who, this means we will try to be “like”; the questioner wants an American reference point the better to slot this project into a known category. The only answer is that we will try to be like … the Guardian.

Sounds like a nice idea, although I quite like the original.

Posted in The Media | 1 Comment

How Facts Can Ruin a Good Story

Although I haven't taught trademark law in some time, and actually don't have plans to do so again any time soon, I keep half an eye on some trademark blogs and mailing lists. And this tale, from a posting on an INTA-sponsored mailing list really caught my eye:

I had hoped that when the U.S. finally agreed to the Madrid Protocol that we were taking some steps toward a global trademark practice (and respect for the rest of the world), but the USPTO seems intent on its old “do it our way” mentality. As an American who is generally proud of what I consider the best trademark office in the world, I am dismayed by some lapses of global thinking:

Exhibit A is the ridiculous requirement to translate foreign entities into a corresponding U.S. entity. Why can't we respect the corporate forms of other nations? Would it do some harm to U.S. trademark practice to list a trademark owner as a GmbH or an S.A. or an Srl? This is certainly more accurate than trying to fit these square pegs into the round holes of U.S. entity forms.

…earlier this year I had an Office Action where the applicant was from Calcutta, India and listed its entity type as an Indian corporation. The Examiner required that I specify whether the applicant was an American Indian tribe, and if so to name the tribe. When I complained to the Examiner's senior attorney that this was just ignorant to ask of a Calcutta firm (and embarrassing to have to explain to them), the senior attorney defended the Examiner and praised his care for precision in raising this issue.

I think we have a way to go in welcoming foreign applicants.

But the great thing about practitioner mailing lists, is that in addition to providing great little horror stories, they also keep you up to date. In the very next posting, I learned that such stories may be a thing of the past:

The newly revised TMEP eliminates this requirement. See TMEP 803.03(i).

And indeed the new TMEP 803.03 appears to do just that, as this partial quote from paragraph (i) demonstrates,

A statement of the accepted foreign designation (or an abbreviation therefor) of the legal entity of a foreign applicant is sufficient. The applicant may specify the legal entity by indicating the entity that would be its equivalent in the United States, but is not required to do so. The examining attorney should inquire further into the specific nature of a foreign legal entity if it is not clear that it is in fact a designation of legal entity in the particular country. The examining attorney may request a description of the nature of the foreign entity, if necessary.

Which is good news, but ruins a good story.

It also reinforces a general belief of mine: although it too has its quirks (see, e.g. dilution!), and its extremists (see, e.g. ICANN on domain names) both the Lanham Act specifically and trademark law generally tend to be among the more sensible bodies of law.

Posted in Law: Trademark Law | Comments Off on How Facts Can Ruin a Good Story

The Strange History of Bra Removal

Back in the day, well actually sorta kinda before my day, bra removal (and in the mythologized version of history, maybe even bra burning) was a countercultural pheonomenon. If not real hippies than at least radlibs and feminists rebelling against the hated symbol of the patriarchy.

Today, it's The Man (yes, the man), the TLAs the TSAs, behind “Taking off your bra for national security”:

… According to the Associated Press, [Lori] Plato set off security alarms when she and her husband were entering a federal courthouse in Coeur d’Alene. Plato told the AP that the U.S. Marshals Service not only asked Plato to remove her bra but gave her no viable options for doing so with any measure of privacy: “I asked if I could go into the bathroom because they didn’t have a privacy screen and no women security officers were available. They said, ‘No.’”

Does this count as progress?

Maybe it will after the lawsuit.

It's worth reading the AP version of the story to see just how weak the defense is:

McDonald acknowledged that security workers told Plato that she couldn't pass through security wearing the bra but said she wasn't ordered to remove it.

“She's inflating it,” U.S. Marshal Patrick McDonald said. “All of a sudden she just took it off. It wasn't anything we wanted to happen and it wasn't anything we asked for her to do. She did it so fast.”

I could do that cross-examination. I'd enjoy it.

Posted in National Security | Comments Off on The Strange History of Bra Removal

We’re From the Goverment and We’re Here to Track You

As someone who is interested in technologies that track people, I was quite impressed by this ONN discussion of the use of 24/7 tracking technologies to help the mentally ill.


In The Know: Is The Government Spying On Paranoid Schizophrenics Enough?

Posted in Completely Different | 1 Comment

A Finding With Many Implications

Is a photo worth a thousand votes?:

People asked to rate the competence of an individual based on a quick glance at a photo predicted the outcome of elections more than two-thirds of the time.

Nearly 300 students at Princeton University were asked to look at pairs of photographs for as little as one-tenth of a second and pick the individual they felt was more competent, psychologist Alexander Todorov reports in Tuesday's issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The participants were shown photos of leading candidates for governor or senator in other parts of the country, but they were not told they were evaluating candidates. Those who recognized any of the photos were not counted.

When the elections took place two weeks later, the researchers found that the competency snap judgments predicted the winners in 72.4 percent of the senatorial races and 68.6 percent of the gubernatorial races.

It seems to me that this finding, if valid, has many implications.

  • National political parties should focus group photos before deciding who to recruit or support in primaries
  • I'll bet it's a very sexist test — this may explain part of how elections disadvantage female candidates.
  • I wonder if this works for law schools? Would student satisfaction be higher when taught by professors whose looks signaled competence? Can we focus group potential hires via their photos? Can we do it without disadvantaging anyone who's not a white male of a certain age?
  • Might it be that dress sends signals of competence? If so, is it important to dress up (or down?) for the first day of class?
  • “Lookist” takes on a new meaning
  • Do I sense the makings of a new suspect class? Are people who don't look competent to others a “discrete and insular minority”? Certainly their disability affect electability, thus undermining their political power, which is one of the tests….

And, how do I look?

Posted in Law School, Politics: US, Science/Medicine | 3 Comments

The Senate Flirts With Irrelevance (or Worse)

Since they are aggressively not talking about the war, the two most important domestic policy issues before Congress at present are the FISA re-authorization and the nomination of Michael B. Mukasey, a man who is an intelligent prevaricator about torture and a straight-forward authoritarian about Presidential power to be our next Attorney General.

The Senate's capitulation on FISA includes retrospective amnesty, without even a need for truth and reconciliation, for all the telecom companies that violated the law, knowingly, and allowed illegal eavesdropping of telecoms traffic just because someone in government asked them to do so. There is now some evidence, arising from the Nacchio fraud trial, that the illegal spying program started well before 9/11 — the smoking gun that this amnesty plan may be designed to hide.

The whole idea of these companies going along with oral requests that they had to know were illegal is positively Soviet. So too are the all-too-credible allegations that when Qwest failed to play ball with these illegal requests, it got punished by being denied government contract work for which it was best qualified.

That the Senate would agree to an amnesty with no disclosure in these conditions is one of the best arguments for term limits that I have ever heard.

Senator Chris Dodd, emerging as the conscience of the Presidential field, has placed a hold on the FISA bill. I hope his colleagues are grateful to him for saving them from their own folly.

Even so, no hold seems likely for the Mukasey nomination, further cementing the irrelevance of the Senate and its quiet complicity in torture and other outrages. Yes, there's a tradition of allowing most nominees to go through, but torture ought to be exceptional. And if that won't do it, why on earth is the Senate going to confirm a man who testifies that he believes the President can violate statutes on national security grounds more or less whenever he wants to?

Asked, for instance, if the president was free to violate a law enacted by Congress, Mr. Mukasey said, “That would have to depend on whether what goes outside the statute nonetheless lies within the authority of the president to defend the country.”

Mr. Mukasey also said that Congress might be powerless to bar the president from conducting some surveillance without warrants.

“The statute, regardless of its clarity, can’t change the Constitution,” Mr. Mukasey said. “That’s been true since the Prize cases.”

But the Prize cases concerned whether President Lincoln had the power to impose a blockade of Confederate ports without Congressional authorization — not in the face of a Congressional ban. (Indeed, Congress later retroactively authorized Lincoln’s actions.)

The distinction between Congressional silence, as in the Prize cases, and Congressional limitation, as in the 1978 law that required warrants for some intelligence surveillance, is an important one.

“So you are telling the committee, Judge, that anytime the president is acting to safeguard the national security against a terrorist threat, he does not have to comply with statute?” asked Senator Russ Feingold, Democrat of Wisconsin, referring to the 1978 law.

Mr. Mukasey did not answer directly…

I think this means that confirmation would be a grave error — even if failure to confirm keeps Peter Keisler, the perhaps equally absolutist temporary AG, in office for a long time. (I happen to have known Keisler reasonably well a long time ago, back in college and law school. He always seemed a deeply decent person on a human level. He was also one of the most right-wing people I knew and his political viewpoints were extreme even then. But then he might well say the same about me for all I know.)

As for the Senators, if they don't care about the Constitution, is there at least no jealousy left for the legislative prerogative? Primaries for them all, I say.

Posted in Civil Liberties, Torture | 3 Comments