I am told that the following letter to the UN Secretary-General dated March 7, 2005 has been signed by the Secretary of State and is to be announced in the UN Journal later this week.
Dear Mr. Secretary-General:
I have the honor on behalf of the Government of the United States of America to refer to the Optional Protocol to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations Concerning the Compulsory Settlement of Disputes, done at Vienna April 24, 1963.
This letter constitutes notification by the United States of America that it hereby withdraws from the aforesaid Protocol. As a consequence of this withdrawal, the United States will no longer recognize the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice reflected in that Protocol.
Sincerely,
Condoleezza Rice
This raises a couple of interesting legal questions – and a huge political question or two. Today I'll do the legal questions. Tomorrow – unless other blogs beat me to it – I'll tackle the political issues.
Legal Questions
- Can the US withdraw from the Optional Protocol when that document is silent as to the possibility of withdrawal?
- If so, when is the withdrawal effective?
Political Questions
- What does this mean for the ICJ?
- What does this mean for the US?
- Why now?
For now, just a hint about the politics: Recently the US has lost three death-penalty-related cases before the International Court of Justice (ICJ)concerning failure to ensure that foreign citizens arrested here have a prompt opportunity to seek assistance from their consulate. The Supreme Court is about to hear arguments in the Medellin case about a US state's duty to comply with an ICJ decision. The manouvering in advance of that case has been nothing short of amazing; excellent coverage of the issues can be found at the SCOTUS Blog.
The US's decision to withdraw now is thus on the one hand a blow against the very idea of international law with binding effect, an attempt to take some issues off the table before oral argument, and a crude attempt to let states go on violating our international obligations. But on to the technical legal stuff…
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